In the early 1980s astronomers began noticing a strange phenomenon. More powerful telescopes were providing more precise and detailed data about distant galaxies, and it was not what was expected [1],[2],[3]. Stars that cluster into galaxies form orbits about a dense central hub. The nature of these orbits, according to standard theories of gravity (both classical Newtonian and Einstein's General Relativity), should be determined by their distance from the central hub. Just as the more distant planets in our solar system complete slower orbits of the sun, the theory predicted that the further the stars were from the galactic center, the slower their orbit. This was not at all what was occurring however. Distant stars were moving at the same speed as those much closer to the center - in fact stars tended to have a roughly fixed orbital speed regardless of their distance. Quite simply, gravity wasn't working.
Later, in the early 1990s yet more evidence came to light. Observations of certain classes of supernovae gave some startling results. If the observations were to be believed then not only was the universe expanding, but the rate expansion was increasing [4],[5]. Such an acceleration could simply not be accounted for by standard theories of gravity. It was assumed that the observations must be in error. Unfortunately a vast array of other methods that attempted to get a more accurate measurement simply confirmed the acceleration. The theory of gravity fails to explain this adequately.
At the same time that astronomers were collecting observation contradicting the flawed theory of gravity, scientists working at the other end of the scale spectrum were generating equally confounding results. The unreasonable effectiveness of quantum field theory in describing and predicting the interactions of fundamental particles was shown again and again in experiments. Yet at a fundamental level the theory of gravity proposed by Einstein with General Relativity was simply incompatible with quantum field theory [6],[7],[8]. Trying to treat gravity as another particle results in nonsense predictions; particles themselves can't reasonably have a derivable gravitational field if, as predicted by quantum mechanics, its position and velocity cannot simultaneously be known; General relativity and quantum mechanics are entirely at odds when it comes to what happens in the neighbourhood of singularities [9]. In short, at the fine scale gravity simply doesn't work.
So if gravity is flawed at both the atomic and galactic scale, surely it makes sense to question exactly how efficacious it really is at all the scales in between. While Newton's conception of gravity seems to produce adequate results, the reality is that predictions of planetary motion as given by such a theory are simply approximations. The three body problem remains unsolved. One of the greatest mathematicians of the last 200 years, Henri Poincare spent much time trying to resolve the problem as a means to determine if the our solar system is, in fact, stable. He failed. Thus despite claims that Newton's theory has been verified by observation, it is only correct up to the quality of the approximation. There could very well be other forces at work, subtly adjusting the movements of the planets, keeping the entire system stable. The question remains? How should we deal with the patchwork, flawed and hole-ridden theory of gravity?
The answer is as clear here as it is in dealing with the irreducible complexity and specified complexity that shatter the flawed theory of evolution. There is clearly a force in action causing stars to orbit galactic centers at an almost fixed velocity, the same force that drives the acceleration of the expansion of the universe - a force caused by nothing we are capable of observing or detecting: an uncaused force. Clearly it is this same uncaused force that acts at the quantum mechanical scale rather than the flawed theoretical "gravity" that is incompatible with the observed phenomena of particle physics. Indeed, in considering such things we can see the actions of such an uncaused force as a delicate and subtle influence on everything in the universe: from the movements of subatomic particles, to the movements of the stars in the heavens. And yet in every high school in America we still teach the fallacious theory of gravity that is so clearly contradicted by the physical world.
It is clear that this inaccurate and defective theory is being pushed by secular scientists seeking to further their anti-religious agenda. A true accounting of physics will show the failures of this "theory" to explain observable results. It is time to give equal time to Uncaused Force as an alternative theory in our classrooms, to let our children see that science itself shows the very action of the hand of God at every level, and every instant, of our Universe. Don't let unchristian scientists pollute the mind of our youth with their erroneous theory of gravity that denies God's hand. Write to your schoolboard and demand equal time for the theory of Uncaused Force. It is time for an open mind in science. Teach the controversy.
References:
[1] Observations of the dynamics of eight early-type galaxies, Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices, vol. 194, Mar. 1981, p. 879-902.
[2] Rotation curves, mass distributions and total masses of some spiral galaxies., Astron. Astrophys., 56, 465-468 (1977)
[3] Rotational properties of 23 SB galaxies, Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 261, Oct. 15, 1982, p. 439-456.
[4] Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant, Reiss, Adam G, et al. Astron.J. 116 (1998) 1009-1038
[5] Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae, Perlmutter et al. Astrophys.J. 517 (1999) 565-586
[6] General Relativistic Effects of Gravity in Quantum Mechanics, Konno and KasaiProgress of Theoretical Physics, Vol.100 No.6 pp. 1145-1157
[7] Search for Violations of Quantum Mechanics, Ellis and Hagelin, Nuclear Physics B, Volume 241, Issue 2, p. 381-405.
[8] Gravity and inertia in quantum mechanics, Staudenmann, Werner, Colella, and Overhauser, Phys. Rev. A 21, 1419-1438 (1980)
[9] The Causal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and The Singularity Problem in Quantum Cosmology, de Barros and Pinto-Neto, Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements, Vol 57, 247 (1997)
